Drosophila Melanogaster Laboratory Rearing

drosophila Melanogaster Laboratory RearingAbstractdrosophila melanogaster Linnaeus was re ard for single extension in the laboratory on a simple diet of 13gm yeast, 250gm milk, 20gm cellulose thread and 1L water.Keywords drosophila melanogaster, laboratory rearing, outgrowthal phases, artificial dietIntroductionDrosophila melanogasteris commonly known as fruit fly since its always strand near unripe and rotted fruit. The fly inspired its genus name from the Latin word lowlys dew loving. This genus could b easily identified by strawman of black characteristic hairs over their compound eye. This pifflingish fly has been paid attention since early 90th in m some(prenominal) scientific investigations concerning behavioral and genetic studies. Thomas Hunt Morgan was the first and outstanding biologist toiletvassDrosophilaearly in the 1900s. He was the first to discover raise linked genes and genetic assortment, segregation, and recombination, which determine the fly as a cl ay sculpture of genetic research. And cause of its smallish size, ease of culture and short multiplication time, geneticists have been usingthe fly ever since. Drosophila sp. is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the a few(prenominal) beingnesss whose entire genome is known and many of its genes have been identified and used in many other scientific researches. The very fast development enables this organism to develop from eggs to adult stage during 9-12 eld in 25C. Usually the fly spends five days in the eggand immature stages and four days in the pupalstage. The adult may sleep with for several weeks.Drosophila sp. should not be reared in high temperatures (e.g. high up 30C) that get out result in sterilization or expiry of the flies or to low temperatures (e.g. below 10C) that also will result in a prolonged life cycle, maybe 57 days, and eventually reduced viability. Their automobile trunk is usually pale yellow to crimson brown to black in color, with large, red eyes and oval-shaped wings, maybe sometimes it has some distinct black patterns. Also their wing venation is funny to the entire family. The dead body form could be mutated due to culturing conditions, which produces offspring with body characters quietly different from parents.For instance, higher temperatures force alter the phenotype of the eye and body color, or may change the wing shape and size.The entire genus of Drosophila sp. contains more than than 15000 species and is very diverse in appearance, behavior, and reporting habitat (Gerhard Bchli, 1999-2006). Drosophilasp. found all over the world, but most of their species are predominant in the tropical regions. They are multivoltine species, and the northern species can hibernate. They breed in various kinds of decaying plants andfungalmaterials. The larvae of some species can also consort on fresh fruit and can sometimes be a pest (Mark Hoddle).Some other few species maybe switched in order to beparasites orpredators. Mos t of their species are attracted to bait of fermentedfruits or any other fermented odor, but little of them are not attracted to any kind of baits. Males usually congregate at patches of suitable training habitats to deal for females. SeveralDrosophilaspecies, such asD. melanogaster, are closely associated with mankind thereby they are called asdomesticspecies. But most of Drosophila sp. have been accidentally to new areas due to anthropogenic activities and fruit merchant marine (Vilela, 1999 Van der Linde et al., 2006 Castrezana, 2007).The fruit fly varies in their reproductive capacity. D. melanogaster, breeds in rare, modified resources, haveovariesthat mature 10-20 eggs at a time, so that they can be laid together on one site. Others, those breed in more-abundant but less nutritious substrates, may only lay one egg per day. Only the adult stage feeds on vegetable matters, whereas larvae, the ply immature stage, feed on yeast and microorganisms present on decaying breeding substrate. Their developmental time vary according to species. It is varied from 7 more than 60 days. Also, it may vary within the same species depending on the environmental factors such as temperature, breeding substrate, and crowding.In this study, D. melanogaster put one overed and cultured chthonian laboratory conditions, using artificial substrates to investigate different immature stages and the mean developmental time for each stage.Materials and Methods1. Collecting and Culturing MediaDiet mixture of yeast, milk and cellulose was put in plastic nursing bottle. The bottle was cut into two halves, the scratch top half, which put inverted on the bottom half. The media recipe was devised as belowYeast 13gmMilk 250gmCellulose tissue 20gmH2O 1LThis media is blended and fixed in plastic collecting bottles containing crumpled paper toweling to save flies drowning. The media was stored at 30o for 2-3 days until fermented (Krivshenko 1963), then put outdoor to collect adult. The collecting bottle was checked twice daily (day and night). The collecting bottle left for third days to collect as much as possible of D. melanogaster flies. The lay in individuals transferred to culturing bottle under the laboratory conditions (255C) at plant protection department, Food and Agriculture Sciences College, King Saud University, for conducting the experiment.Flies oviposited in the diet. After 24 hrs, adult flies were removed from the bottles using their imperative phototactic response and maintained in 20x20cm cage fitted with a sleeve and ply with 2.5 % sugar solution through cotton wicks. Small 50ml vials with culturing media were used for maintaining small larvae individually and avoid crowding. Number of larval developmental stages and time taken until pupal stage were recorded.Study area and periodThe study was conducted for 30 days (December, 2010) starting culturing step. Three collecting bottles were used in three selected sites for adult D. melanogas ter collection the educational farm of Food and Agriculture Sciences College, referred as site A, the main building of the College, referred as site B, and the students housing at King Saud University, referred as site C.Results and DiscussionTotal of 23 adults were collected in the three collecting bottles. Both Sites A and C were electronegative for adult fly. Eggs laid couldnt be observed since adult females put them in tiny cracks of the culturing media. 301 larvae have been recorded within 24hrs. The mean developmental time for larvae was 7 days to pupation. By the eighth day, all larvae develop (Fig. 1).Only single adult failed to emerge by the eleventh day. No adult were emerged until the end of month, which means that successful adult emergence took or so 22 days.The rapid development of early immature stages proved prosperous conditions for larval development that was not quietly enough for the pupal stage development into adult emergence.The developmental period forfrui t fly varies principally with temperature, as with manyectothermic species. The shortest recorded development time (egg to adult), 7 days, is achieved at 28C (Ashburner and Thompson 1978, Ashburner et al., 2005). Development time increases at higher temperatures (11 days at 30C) cause of heat stress. The ideal development time at 25C is supposed to be 8.5 days as Ashburner and Thompson (1978), Ashburner et al., (2005), and Chiang and Hodson (1950) reported in previous investigations. Nevertheless, the findings of the current study showed drawn-out development time especially for late immature stage (pupa). This might be explained, as the temperature of the laboratory was not optimum (Crowding has no effect on development time since larvae were separated individually in culturing media. More over, under crowding increases the development time (Chiang and Hodson 1950), while the acclivitous flies are smaller (Chiang and Hodson 1950, Bakker 1961).